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Due to road accidents, about 1.35 million people die per annum stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and undergo non-fatal injuries of up to 50 million and more. These numbers are too high from the human loss perspective, and they’re also too high from a price perspective. The WHO says GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of a country is affected by 3% by road traffic crashes. Human driving errors including human driver error, speeding, driving while distracted or driving under the influence, failure to use safety equipment like seatbelts and helmets, unsafe vehicles, and unsafe road infrastructure results in unsafe transportation.

The transportation industry is undergoing a change, which modifies the characteristics of the vehicle additionally. The IoT is creating safer roadways in multiple, interrelated ways in advancing vehicles. It’s also opening the door to new risks that have got to be mitigated to stay people safe. Within the end, this transformation will benefit humanity by saving lives and also lessening humans’ impact on the earth.

The Internet of Things (IoT) alludes to the interconnection of internet-connected things; data transfer can be done without human involvement, which can help us in coordinating different segments of the framework lucidly. This technique has a few points of interest like superior, easy to use even an uncouth can utilize it. Connected technologies and therefore the IoT are improving vehicle safety, efficiency, and convenience, also because of the overall user experience. Jonathan Stone, head of programs, research, and advanced engineering at Continental North America, says these technologies can ultimately improve road safety by helping in deciding or by automating control functions.

Figure 3.4 shows the structure of IoT. An array of sensors is used in the bottom layer also called a data acquisition layer. Supporting technologies for a bottom layer are generally EPC, RFID, etc. Object recognition and data interpretation between objects are made by RFID. The data transport layer is created during data transmission which is otherwise called the second layer of the IoT structure. The information transport layer contains wired system and remote system, its supporting innovation chiefly incorporates GPS, GPRS, Internet, etc. [28, 36]. The top layer of the Internet of Things is information handling and trade layer, whose errand is to finish information processing, calculation, exchange of data, storage, and other operations.

Figure 3.4 Structure of three stage Internet of Things.

Benefits of IoT for Transportation

1 Enhanced Traveler Experience

2 Increased Safety

3 Reduced Energy use and Congestion.

4 Better Operational Performance.

IoT Deployment Difficulties

Security: As the quantity of sensors and system associated gadgets develops, execution forms required to ensure touchy information and systems. Associations ought to guarantee that all with their security arrangements.

Extended Network Infrastructure: Concentrate on superfluous IP addresses, ability to handle large data volumes, and have to manage difficult IT framework.

Onboarding: Required automated onboarding to managing large IoT systems since it uses more sensors and devices, and it is infeasible to deal with these endpoints physically.