Читать книгу The Esophagus - Группа авторов - Страница 73

The muscular apparatus of oropharyngeal swallowing consists of a total of 30 paired striated muscles [7]. Cranial nerve XII and the ansa cervicalis (C1‐C2) control the tongue, while the vagus nerve exerts predominant control over the muscles of the palate, pharynx, and larynx, as well as the cricopharyngeus muscle. Deglutitive orad movement of the hyoid bone, larynx, and UES, and active opening of the UES following its relaxation, are induced by the supra‐ and infra‐hyoid muscles that are innervated by the ansa cervicalis (C1‐C2), cranial nerve V3, and cranial nerve VII [51].

Figure 3.3 Relationship of deglutitive vocal cord kinetics to other events of the oropharyngeal phase of swallowing during 5 mL barium swallows. Bolus transit through the pharynx and across the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) begins and ends with the vocal cords at maximal adduction. TB‐O, onset of tongue base movement; SH‐O, onset of superior hyoid movement; SM‐O, onset of submental myoelectrical activity; UESO, UES opening; OT‐O, onset of bolus movement from the mouth; PT‐O, arrival of bolus into pharynx.