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In the biosphere, which we call the world of living things, approximately 27x10¹⁰ tons of carbon is attached to living organisms and more than 99% of it is found in vegetable material. Approximately 40% of the carbon in plants comes from cellulose. In this regard, cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth, and it has a wide spread from primitive plants (algae, moss, etc.) to highly organized plants (woods) and some bacteria [11, 12]. Cellulose is one of the most important structural polysaccharides that are found in the plant world and have the simplest structure and also located in the cell wall structure [13].

Cellulose is the most common polymer on earth which is a linear syndiotactic (alternative spatial arrangement) of the glucose polymer bonded by Β-(1 → 4)-glycosidic bonds. The size (degree of polymerization) of the cellulose molecule varies depending on the presence of less than 500 glucose units in each molecule in the secondary wall located on the wall of the plant cell [9]. Cellulose chains are formed by combining thousands of glucose units and these chains have hydrogen and Van der Waals bonds [14].

Cellulose is in the basic structure of all plants, and the most important task of cellulose is to provide strength, uprightness and support to plants. Cellulose does not exist in its pure form in nature. Cellulose, which is the main structure element of the cell wall, constitutes 40-50% of lignocellulosic biomass [15]. Cellulose is almost never found alone in nature. It is often found with other herbal ingredients. This affects the breakdown of cellulose in the natural environment [9].

There are several types of cellulose in nature. All of these are used for different purposes [16]. Cellulose types are distinguished from each other by the letters a, b, d. A-cellulose is the most important of all species. B-cellulose and d-cellulose, which take the name “hemicellulose”, are less resistant to acids and bases and have the ability to break easily [13].