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2.4.4 Ecotoxicology of Pharmaceuticals and Metabolites

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Pharmaceuticals co-occur in aquatic systems with other environmental stressors such as toxic metals, nutrients, and other emerging contaminants. The ecotoxicology of single pharmaceuticals and their mixtures, and their interaction with other environmental stressors at environmentally relevant concentrations has received limited research attention. Thus, ecotoxicological findings based on individual pharmaceuticals investigated at concentrations not representative of those in the environment may yield misleading results.

Applied Water Science

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