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Fungal cell wall has dynamic structure which is essential for morphogenesis, viability and act as barrier to protect the fungi form harsh environmental conditions. The fugal cell wall secretes enzymes which degrade the host cell/tissues for invasion to obtain nutrient that required for their growth. More interestingly, the fungal cell wall has environmental sensors to detect the environmental condition and thus fungi resist itself to high osmotic pressure and toxic compounds. Structurally, the fungal cell wall has two layers. The inner layer is consisting of β (1–3), (1–6) chitin and glucan which bound to other polysaccharides and proteins. The outer layer is made of carbohydrate matrix ad it considered to be highly variable among the different fugal species (Figure 2.3). The fungal cell wall has role in adherence to host tissue, stimulation of host immunity and rescue the fungi from host immune defense. Further, the fungal cell act as target of choice for the designing of antifungal therapeutics and diagnostic tools. The fungal cell has approximately 90% of polysaccharides [40–43], which have briefly discussed below.

The illustration depicts the cell walls of plant cell. The plant cell wall composed of cellulose microfibrils that have been cross linked with each other through glycans, pectin and other substances.f

Figure 2.3 Describes the structural polysaccharides of fungal cell wall, which includes; alpha/beta glucan, that combined with Chitin and chitosan to form fungal cell wall [65].