Читать книгу Handbook of Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering - Группа авторов - Страница 19

1 1 Reference to the Aristotelian concept of the world, which was improved by Ptolemy (second century), according to which the Cosmos is divided into sublunary (imperfect world of human beings) and supralunary (perfect world of eternal and absolute beings) regions.

2 2 Reference to the Greek myth of Icarus, son of Daedalus, who did not listen to the advice of his astute father and flew with wax wings beyond where he should have. Daedalus represents the experience, thoughtfulness and moderation of the sage, whereas Icarus represents the impetus and immaturity of youth, which can lead to misfortune and even to death.

3 3 Reference to the Greek myth of the Moirae (Fates), three sisters who wove and cut the threads determining the fate of gods and human beings.

4 4 Concept proposed and developed by Nassin Nicholas Taleb in the book Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder, Random House, 2012. Antifragility is the opposite of fragility; it is a property of complex natural or social systems that benefit from stressors, volatility, and randomness. Over‐intervening in natural systems that have survived billions of years by depriving them of stressful, random, and volatile interactions can weaken them and/or trigger unpredictable consequences due to multiplicative chains of unexpected effects.

5 5 It refers to the development and dissemination of new agricultural practices, such as the use of agrochemicals, pesticides, and seed processing, which have enabled significant production increase since the 1960s.