Читать книгу Handbook of Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Global systems and their interactions.Figure 1.2 Searches on the Scopus database using the term ecological enginee...Figure 1.3 Searches on the Scopus database using the term ecological enginee...Figure 1.4 Searches on the Scopus database using the term ecological enginee...Figure 1.5 Articles, reviews, and books published on ecosystem services.Figure 1.6 Articles, reviews, and books published on ecosystem services by c...Figure 1.7 Articles, reviews, and books published on ecosystem services by a...Figure 1.8 Ecosystem service index obtained for the northern shoreline of th...Figure 1.9 Qualitative assessment of ecosystem services by beaches in the mu...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Examples of processing options and multiple bio‐based products de...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Sketches of the exchange of materials and services in the ecologi...Figure 3.2 Schematic representation of the geographical distribution of mang...Figure 3.3 A 2.6 km section of Nippersink Creek (Illinois, US) is filled in ...Figure 3.4 Conceptual model showing the contribution of external resource in...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Primary soil ecosystem engineers used as bioindicators in differe...Figure 4.2 Primary ecosystem engineers used as indicators or drivers of rest...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Closed Campulung landfill, Arges county, Romania. (a) Cows and ho...Figure 5.2 (a) Closed Am Cracauer Anger landfill in Magdeburg, Germany, with...Figure 5.3 Korean world cup park view.Figure 5.4 Fudekeng Restoration Park (Taiwan).Figure 5.5 Jordan Valley Park restoration in (a) 2008; (b) 2013.Figure 5.6 Freshkills landfill flyover, Staten Island, New York.Figure 5.7 (a) Excerpt from a Dresden city map from 1856 showing the locatio...Figure 5.8 (a) View of the former coal station; (b) workers breaking frozen ...Figure 5.9 Overview of the Weißeritz Greenbelt in Dresden.Figure 5.10 Information boards were set up to explain the visible historical...Figure 5.11 (a) Art installations with an industrial touch were set up to co...Figure 5.12 In addition to nature conservation elements (gabions, left), ins...Figure 5.13 (a) Piles of stones offer a retreat for insects and small reptil...Figure 5.14 Rose Kennedy Greenway in Boston after the Big Dig.Figure 5.15 Cheonggyecheon after restoration.

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Urbanization and overexploitation, leading to biodiversity loss, ...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Yield of tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers in the greenhouse test,...Figure 7.2 Nitrates in tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers, NO⁻³ mg/kg.Figure 7.3 Brix in tomatoes, cucumbers, and peppers, %.Figure 7.4 Effect of applied materials on soil pH.Figure 7.5 Effect of applied materials on C_org in soil, %.Figure 7.6 Effect of applied materials on soil CEC, mg eq/100 g.

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 A generalized outline of the carbon sequestration mechanism from ...Figure 8.2 A generalized diagram showing carbon dynamics in a typical terres...Figure 8.3 Origin and involvement of extracellular enzymes in soil.Figure 8.4 Origin of enzymatic activities in soil.Figure 8.5 Mediated reactions by the cellulase enzyme complex in the breakdo...Figure 8.6 Mediated reaction by the β‐glucosidase enzyme in the breakdown of...Figure 8.7 Mediated reaction by the invertase enzyme in the breakdown of suc...Figure 8.8 Mediated reaction by amylase enzyme in the breakdown of starch.Figure 8.9 Mediated reaction by the xylanase enzyme in the breakdown of xyla...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Theoretical and applied aspects of ecological and ecosystem engin...Figure 9.2 Composition of MSW from different countries: (a) Denmark; (b) Var...Figure 9.3 Segregation of MSW and transport to a resource recovery site. See...Figure 9.4 Role of ecological and ecosystem engineering in solid waste reduc...Figure 9.5 Simple model of MSW recycling.Figure 9.6 Model for reverse logistics proposed in São Paulo.

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Example of a Maryland stream restoration project that removed tr...Figure 10.2 A typical flood in an urban area (Assam, India). Figure 10.3 Urban water cycle for probable flood risk.Figure 10.4 Steps in the risk management process.Figure 10.5 Cooperative water management.Figure 10.6 Cooperative urban flood management.Figure 10.7 Example plan of a levee.Figure 10.8 Example plan of a lakeshore restoration site.

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 An example of a region with intensive mining and a changing land...Figure 11.2 A hard coal mine spoil heap and hydrological and geomorphologica...Figure 11.3 From sandpit mining operation to manmade ecosystem via ecologica...Figure 11.4 Varied mine soil substrate and differentiation in redeveloped ha...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Steps in surface mining and ecological restoration of mine degra...Figure 12.2 The linkage between ecological theory, restoration ecology, and ...Figure 12.3 Steps of restoration planning to fulfill species and ecosystem t...Figure 12.4 Photos of the study site showing (a) unreclaimed dump with no ve...

13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Major functions of a wetland.

14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 A typical flood‐plain lake in the GBM basin.Figure 14.2 River bank erosion is common in the Himalayan region.Figure 14.3 Aggradation of the river due to significant siltation of the riv...Figure 14.4 Structural devices used for bank protection.Figure 14.5 Slash‐and‐burn farming in upland areas of the eastern Himalayan ...Figure 14.6 Mass mortality of fish due to toxic substances and/or pollutants...Figure 14.7 Dolphin habitat: R. Brahmaputra.Figure 14.8 Baby dolphin jumping.Figure 14.9 Intentional killing of dolphins.Figure 14.10 Sand mining in a river bed.Figure 14.11 Weed infested flood‐plain lake.Figure 14.12 River bank protection: (a) & (b) structural protection; (c) & (...

15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 (a) Ramsar sites in India; (b) map of Manipur with Loktak.Figure 15.2 (a) An aerial view of Loktak with the floating athaphoom or trad...Figure 15.3 Degraded ecological conditions of the Nambul river (a main tribu...Figure 15.4 Phoomdi of Loktak: the four ecosystem services for the restorati...

16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Global distribution of coral reefs.Figure 16.2 Coral reef ecosystem services.Figure 16.3 Risk analysis in the major coral reef regions.Figure 16.4 Major threats to coral reefs.Figure 16.5 Comparison between healthy and degraded coral reefs in shoreline...

17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Geographical position of the island Madhusudanpurchor. Latitude:...Figure 17.2 Water and soil parameters – Madhusudanpurchor – graphical repres...Figure 17.3 Soil texture triangle.Figure 17.4 Kakdwip area without Madhusudanpurchor, 1995.Figure 17.5 Madhusudanpur chor – 2010.Figure 17.6 Madhusudanpur chor – 2013.Figure 17.7 Madhusudanpurchor – 2016.Figure 17.8 Madhusudanpurchor – 2019.Figure 17.9 Representation of accretion in Madhusudanpur chor.Figure 17.10 Geographical position of Gopalganj. Latitude: 22° 05′ 56.51˝ N,...Figure 17.11 Gopalganj water and soil parameters: graphical representation....Figure 17.12 Accreted area in Gopalganj.Figure 17.13 Gopalganj – 2010.Figure 17.14 Gopalganj – 2016.Figure 17.15 Gopalganj – 2013.Figure 17.16 Gopalganj – 2019.

18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 ALOS PALSAR satellite image. (a) Forest cover in 2007; (b) fores...Figure 18.2 Status of forest cover in the states of India during 1991–2019....Figure 18.3 Percentage change in forest cover during different periods.Figure 18.4 Forest cover (1991, 2001, 2019) and forest cover change during 1...Figure 18.5 (a) Before ecological restoration (22 December 2000); (b) after ...

19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Illustration of land‐use situations and FLR options.Figure 19.2 Illustration of a comprehensive approach of FLR.

20 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 Tree cover loss from 2001 to 2018.Figure 20.2 Global tree cover loss by its dominant driver from 2001 to 2018....Figure 20.3 Overview and classification of the main drivers of forest degrad...Figure 20.4 The hierarchy of the forest degradation neutrality response.

21 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Sources, consequences, and mitigation of air pollution in urban ...Figure 21.2 Traits contributing to identifying the Air Pollution Tolerance I...

22 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 Different types of canopies: (a) rotund: Mangifera indica, Lager...Figure 22.2 Different types of margins of leaves.Figure 22.3 Leaf fungal and bacterial endophytes with positive and negative ...Figure 22.4 Leaf tissue involvement and chemistry in mitigating gaseous poll...Figure 22.5 Canopy/Crown area calculation of plant species.Figure 22.6 Schematic representation of moisture condition surrounding the p...

23 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Agro‐climatic zones of India.Figure 23.2 Simplified diagram of model green belt around a factory with gro...Figure 23.3 Attenuation factor (Af) is a function of the width of the green ...Figure 23.4 Cross section of a road showing a planting scheme.

24 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 A schematic illustration of the role of leaf architecture in rem...Figure 24.2 Air quality improvement in cities with green infrastructure. See...

25 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 (Left) A photo of Charles Babbage by an unknown wood engraver, a...Figure 25.2 Three giants who shaped modern computers. (Left) Alan Turing (b:...Figure 25.3 A VisiCalc spreadsheet running on an Apple II computer.Figure 25.4 Graphical demonstration of Moore's law. The relationship is expo...Figure 25.5 Cell phone sales over the last decade. Low‐end cell phones (basi...Figure 25.6 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) relevant to digital science....