Читать книгу Handbook of Ecological and Ecosystem Engineering - Группа авторов - Страница 32

The sociotechnical paradigm related to bioeconomy topics is based on the assumption that biomass resources can be used to reduce dependence on fossil‐based resources, revitalize rural economies, ensure energy security, mitigate climate change, and provide environmental services [159]. In the previous sections, we saw how industrial crops can tolerate and provide remediation for a variety of soil/environmental conditions. Once produced in such environmental/physical conditions, biomass can be used for the economic revitalization of marginal lands [160].

Lignocellulosic crops (e.g. miscanthus, giant reed, switchgrass) represent a source of fermentable sugars, cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, and lignin that can be used for the production of either bioenergy and biofuels or biomaterials and bioproducts [161]. The biomass of bioenergy crops like Miscanthus spp., jatropha, and castor bean can be used for bioethanol production, and biomass from A. donax, Cannabis sativa, Cynara cardunculus, and kenaf can be used for bioenergy and fiber purposes [29]. The lignocellulosic biomass can also be used to produce medium‐density fiberboards, insulation mats, composites, nanocellulose, pulp for paper, etc. [33,162–164]. Other industrial crops can provide feedstock (e.g. gums, resins, rubber, terpenes, phenolic substances, triglycerides, alkaloids, among others) to produce high‐value‐added bio‐based products and green chemicals (food flavors, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutraceutical products, bioplastics, lubricants, etc.) [165–173] along with second‐generation biofuels through an integrated biorefinery approach. Figure 2.1 shows a schematic image of processing options and multiple bio‐based products derived from industrial crops.

Figure 2.1 Examples of processing options and multiple bio‐based products derived from industrial crops.