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The ‘Arcto‐Tertiary element’ Hypothesis

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The present data demonstrate that several modern north temperate tree taxa did actually thrive in the sub‐arctic during the Paleogene. Also, there is unequivocal evidence for the presence of several ‘Arcto‐Tertiary elements’ in Greenland (for example Fagus). Some of these records are, however, not the oldest for these temperate taxa (for example Acer). Future palynological investigations of Palaeocene sediments are on their way and will provide final clues to solving whether the ‘Arcto‐Tertiary element’ represents a secondary radiation of taxa that originated in mid‐latitudes to high latitudes or whether they actually originated at high latitudes. Nevertheless, the present data demonstrate that this biogeographic concept is all open for discussion.

Biogeography in the Sub-Arctic

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