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Challenge: Previous HBV and HCV infection in ART patients.

Background:

 HBV and HCV are common viral infections, which may lead to chronic liver disease.

 The risks in ART are transmission of infection to an uninfected partner and vertical transmission to the neonate. Additionally, there are risks of infection for staff in the ART laboratory.

 All patients undergoing ART should have HBV and HCV screening.

Management:

 ART in HBV‐or HCV‐infected couple is considered to be safe.

 HBV and HCV infection do not have an adverse effect on ART pregnancy outcome.

 In HBV, the uninfected partner should be vaccinated. No vaccination is available for HCV.

 In an HCV‐positive patient, effective antiviral therapy is available

 The risk of vertical transmission from an infected mother to the neonate is similar in natural pregnancies and those conceived by ART.

 Babies born from HBV‐positive women should receive immunoprophylaxis in the first 24 hours of life.

 Precautions should be taken to reduce the risk of laboratory transmission and cross‐contamination of gamete samples and embryos during cryostorage.