Читать книгу Groundwater Geochemistry - Группа авторов - Страница 105

Generally, the natural, agricultural and anthropogenic sources of water pollution are classified as non‐point sources, which are non‐recognizable and non‐controllable (Lapworth et al. 2012; Talabi and Kayode 2019). These sources are huge contributors to the contamination of water bodies as well as in diminishing the water resource quality. Naturally occurring volcanic activity, rain, rock dissociation, storms, and so on also produce heavy metal contamination in water. Soil erosion also contributes to water contamination. The chemical contamination includes heavy metals, organic impurities, and inorganic impurities (WHO 2011; Russoniello et al. 2013; Megremi et al. 2013; Werner et al. 2013). In the case of industrial waste, it directly involves contaminating the ground as well as surface water and is threatening to water bodies all over the world. Climate change and water scarcity are other causes of water pollution. Owing to water scarcity, the excessive use of groundwater is the other source of origin of heavy metal contamination. Nowadays, agricultural sources, for example pesticides, fertilizers, and insecticides, originate the pollution in surface and groundwater also (Velthof et al. 2009; Savci 2012; Cruz et al. 2013).