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1.5.1.5 Graphene-Carbon Nitride/QD-Based FNMs

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Hydrothermally synthesized BWO fixed as ultrathin Bi2WO6 NSs embedded on g-C3N4 QDs as (CNQDs/BWO), belonging to Z-scheme, efficiently degraded organic contaminants of antibiotic TC and dye Rh B, with % efficacy of 92.51 and 87 in NIR and visible regions, in ~1 h. Langmuir-Hinshelwood model adopted by the authors Zhang, M. et al. later showed that the bandgap energy of 2.70 eV (BWO) and 2.60 eV (CNQDs) was sufficient to bring the change [168]. The authors Zhou, L. et al., proved that GCNQD-treasured on modified g-C3N4 had a worthy photocatalytic degrading activity against organic Rh B [169]. The experimentalists Lin, X. et al. observed that hydrothermally synthesized nano-heterostructures of CNQDs/InVO4/BiVO4 on a leaf-like material of InVO4/BiVO4 had ·O2− radical as the main force behind the efficient oxidative-degradation of Rh B organic dye [170].

Similarly, heterostructure GCNQDs/Ag/Bi2MoO6 NSs had a very good 100% degrading capability of Rh B in visible region, where h+ of VB (Bi2MoO6) and e of CB (CNQDs) worked effectively for oxidation/reduction to cause degrading reaction to give H2O and CO2 [171]. Si NWs (silicon nano-wires) on g-C3N4 QDs as Si NWs @ g-CNQDs, photoelectrocatalytically could decompose 85.1% of 4-CP in ~ 2 h from aqueous solution, had a notable charge separation and good stability [172]. π-conjugated GCNQDs implanted on metalloid sulfide Sb2S3/supported by ultrathin-g-C3N4, with a bandgap of 2.7 eV, were proved to be good candidate for photocatalytic disposals of MO from unwanted water and had a very good electron (e) transference [173]. In a novel approach, the co-workers Patel, J. et al. synthesized Mn:ZnS/QDs, for photo-degrading fluoroquinolone: Norfloxacin in an ambient condition of solar-light/UV-light, where Mn and ·OH fortified the reaction to 4 reapplied cycles [174].

Functionalized Nanomaterials for Catalytic Application

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