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Primary Nursing is the care delivery system embedded in the Relationship‐Based Care model. In 1980, a little more than a decade after Primary Nursing's creation, Marie Manthey, one of its originators, wrote, “Primary Nursing is a delivery system for nursing at the [unit] level that facilitates professional nursing practice despite the bureaucratic nature of hospitals” (Manthey, 1980, p. 1). It was founded in the late 1960s by a group of highly committed nurses who were unsatisfied with the task‐focus of team nursing and functional nursing. Neither of those systems of care delivery gave these nurses enough time to really know their patients, and they agreed that care was lacking when the patient was seen as the “reason for the tasks” rather than a person with wants, needs, thoughts, and concerns (Wessel & Manthey, 2015). In Primary Nursing, one professional nurse oversees the care of the patient from admission to discharge in inpatient settings (Person, 2004) and is assigned to the patient upon subsequent visits in outpatient settings (Wessel & Manthey, 2015).

Past measurement of Primary Nursing has included (a) assignment of the primary patient relationship at or soon after admission, (b) assessment of the continuity of care, (c) collaboration of the nurse with interprofessional colleagues involved with the patient's care, (d) care planning with the care team, (e) patient and family satisfaction, and (f) the relationship between patient and nurse (Nelson, 2001). The importance of Primary Nursing to nurse job satisfaction has been confirmed using factor analysis of the Healthcare Environment Survey (HES) in the United States (Nelson, Persky, et al. 2015), Scotland (Nelson & Cavanagh, 2017), and Turkey (Gozum, Nelson, Yildirim, & Kavla, 2021).

Several American studies in this book show that Primary Nursing is a chief satisfier of nurses. In studies around the world, it is often the case that while the term Primary Nursing is either not well known or has a negative association for nurses, the tenets of Primary Nursing (once the barrier of the term is removed) are consistently shown to contribute to nurse job satisfaction.