Читать книгу Practical Procedures in Implant Dentistry - Группа авторов - Страница 51

The skull is the skeletal structure of the head that serves to protect the brain and support the face. In the adult, the skull consists of 22 individual bones (8 paired bones, 6 single bones), 21 of which are immobile and combined into a single unit. The 22nd bone is the mandible, which, uniquely, is the only moveable bone of the skull. The skull can be further subdivided into the cranial bones (numbering 8) and facial bones (numbering 14). The cranial bones collectively form the cranial vault, which protects the brain and houses both middle and inner ear structures. The facial bones support the facial structures, form the nasal cavity and the orbit, and house the teeth. The facial bones are of particular importance in relation to dentofacial aesthetics and implantology, with the paired bones of the maxilla, palatine, and zygomatic arches as well as the single bone of the mandible routinely involved in implant treatment. Table 6.1 gives a summary of the bones comprising the skull [1]. Figures 6.1–6.3 show for skull osteology schematics and articulation.

Table 6.1 Osteology summary.

Source: Norton, N. (2007). Netter's Head and Neck Anatomy for Dentistry. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. ©2007, Elsevier.

Bone	Paired	Single	Cranial/Facial	Articulation
Frontal		X	Cranial	Maxilla, zygomatic, sphenoid, parietal, ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal
Parietal	X		Cranial	Temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid
Temporal	X		Cranial	Mandible, zygomatic, sphenoid, parietal, occipital
Occipital		X	Cranial	Temporal, atlas (C1), parietal, sphenoid
Sphenoid		X	Cranial	Maxilla, ethmoid, palatine, vomer, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, zygomatic
Ethmoid		X	Cranial	Maxilla, palatine, vomer, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, frontal, sphenoid
Zygomatic	X		Facial	Maxilla, frontal, temporal
Maxilla	X		Facial	Maxilla, zygomatic, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, palatine, vomer, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha
Palatine	X		Facial	Maxilla, palatine, vomer, inferior nasal concha, ethmoid, sphenoid
Vomer		X	Facial	Maxilla, palatine, ethmoid, sphenoid
Nasal	X		Facial	Maxilla, nasal, frontal
Lacrimal	X		Facial	Maxilla, frontal, ethmoid, inferior nasal concha
Inferior nasal concha	X		Facial	Maxilla, palatine, lacrimal, ethmoid
Mandible		X	Facial	Temporal

Figure 6.1 Osteology of the skull (exploded view).

Source: sciencepics/Shutterstock.com.

Figure 6.2 Osteology of the skull (frontal view).

Source: sciencepics/Shutterstock.com.

Figure 6.3 Osteology of the skull (lateral view).

Source: sciencepics/Shutterstock.com.