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The auriculotemporal nerve arises from the posterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve in the infratemporal fossa. It runs backward beneath the lateral pterygoid muscle between the medial aspect of the condylar neck and the sphenomandibular ligament. It enters the anteromedial surface of the parotid gland passing upwards and outwards to emerge at the superior border of the gland between the temporomandibular joint and the external acoustic meatus. This nerve communicates widely with the temporofacial division of the facial nerve and limits the mobility of the facial nerve during surgery (Flatau and Mills 1995). Further communications with the temporal and zygomatic branches loop around the transverse facial and superficial temporal vessels (Bernstein and Nelson 1984).

Figure 1.4. Anatomical landmarks of the extratemporal facial nerve.

Figure 1.5. Clinical photograph of dissected facial nerve following superficial parotidectomy.

Source: Published with permission, Martin Dunitz, London, Langdon JD, Berkowitz BKB, Moxham BJ, editors, Surgical Anatomy of the Infratemporal Fossa. DOI: 10.1002/9781118949139.ch1.