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The books and/or articles by Frier, Scheidel, and Pudsey/Holleran listed below provide excellent general introductions to ancient demography, i.e. insights into the methodological problems and the informative value of demographic history as well as the importance of demographic factors for a reconstruction of the size, structure, and development of (ancient) populations in their relationship to living space.

1 Frier, B.W. (2000). Demography. In A.K. Bowman, P. Garnsey, and D. Rathbone (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History 11: The High Empire, A.D. 70–192. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 827–854.

2  Scheidel, W. (2001). Debating Roman Demography (Mnemosyne Supplements 211). Leiden: Brill.

3 Scheidel, W. (2004). Demographic and economic development in the ancient Mediterranean world. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 160, pp. 743–757.

4 Scheidel, W. (2007). Demography. In W. Scheidel, I. Morris, and R. Saller (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco‐Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 38–86.

5 Scheidel, W. (2009). Population and demography. In A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to Ancient History, Malden, MA/Oxford/Chichester: Blackwell, pp. 134–145.

6 Scheidel, W. (2012). Epigraphy and demography: birth, marriage, family, and death. In J. Davies, J. Wilkes (eds.), Epigraphy and the Historical Sciences (Proceedings of the British Academy 177). Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 101–129.

7 Pudsey, A., Holleran, C. (2011). Demography and the Graeco‐Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Provides a general introduction to ancient demography.

8 Jursa, M. (2010). Aspects of the Economic History of Babylonia in the First Millennium BC (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 377). Münster: Ugarit‐Verlag. Along with some other works quoted in the text, touches on the key (source) problem of the demography of the Achaemenid Empire.