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Large groups of ethnically defined workmen also appear in documentary texts from the Achaemenid period, especially in the Persepolis Fortification and Treasury Texts, where they are active in the Persepolis economy (cf. Henkelman and Stolper 2009 on the Skudrians; Rollinger and Henkelman 2009 on the Ionians; Tavernier 2015 on the Lycians; Uchitel 1989 and 1991 in general; Wasmuth 2009 on the Egyptians).

People attested in Persepolis, which must have been a really multicultural residential city, are Ākaufacians, Arabs, Arachosians, Arbelans, Areians, Armenians, Assyrians (Syrians), Babylonians, Bactrians, Cappadocians, Carians, Carmanians, Drangianians, Egyptians, Gandharians, Hattians (north Syrians), Hyrcanians, Indians, Ionians, Lycians, Lydians, Macians, Parikanians, Parthians, Sagartians, Skudrians, and Sogdians (Henkelman and Stolper 2009: pp. 300–306).

Remarkably, Persians, Medes, and Elamites are absent or nearly absent from the written documents, although their role in the Persepolis economy is beyond doubt (as already indicated by the Old Persian, Median, and Elamite names). This absence or near‐absence may be explained by the fact that their ethnicity did apparently not matter for the Persepolis administrators (Henkelman and Stolper 2009: pp. 275–278).