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The chromium cycle mostly comprises oxidation and reduction of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), respectively (Figure 2.1). Although both the forms of chromium are found to have opposite characteristics (e.g., toxicity, mobility, and reactivity) but eventually both are highly dangerous when the concentration becomes high. Moreover, this cycle depicts the simultaneous reduction of Cr(VI) through some carbon compounds and the oxidation of Cr(III) in the presence of manganese oxide available in soil and sediments represented in the below equations [13].

(2.1)

(2.2)