Читать книгу Environmental and Agricultural Microbiology - Группа авторов - Страница 92

The development of bio-derived polymer from renewable resources favors establishing a sustainable society, but non-degradability/biodegradability was a big issue for the world. In this chapter, we reviewed the recent trend for the development of bio-based materials, biodegradation, and biocompatibility, which increased fuel efficiency and reduced the threats over the plastics waste problem. The demand for bio-based plastics such as PA, PLA, and PHA has been raised in various fields and used in the automobile industry, packaging materials, and biomedical applications. The non-degradable thermoplastics especially Nylon^TM are used as packaging materials, fibers, film forms, and some of the PA, especially nylon 4, nylon 6, and nylon 6,6 degraded in vivo by using some microbes. Itaconic acid-based PAs minimize the plastics waste problem because of compostable nature inside the soil and photo-solubilization behavior in the soil. Therefore, much more work is needed to study a degradable route for predicting the development of PAs. The low softening temperature-based PLA are degraded with excellent tunable properties because of degradation with high biocompatibility. These specific properties are possible with its copolymer PLGA and can be further utilized in periodontal regenerative medicine. Restenosis is a common problem that occurs after a few months of angioplasty, and the reasons behind this might be blood vessel injury, inflammatory reaction and endothelial cell proliferation, etc., due to the use of metallic stents. Biodegradable drug-eluting stents with flexibility, high mechanical property, and specific drug-releasing features can replace the conventional ones to prevent restenosis. This book chapter has also covered the significant components of PHA degradation. All the factors affecting PHA degradation are interrelated. The key player of PHA degradation is the microorganisms that can secrete extracellular depolymerase enzymes. Besides, the degradation of PHA also plays a significant role in determining PHA application in various areas. PHA is a promising material for sustainable developments; understanding the mechanism of PHA degradation and the factors that affect its degradation will help the researcher design suitable materials according to the industrial needs. Novel synthetic pathways are still being developed to degrade the amide or ester bond of polymer, covering the polymer field’s broad spectrum. Under these circumstances, much more research is needed to solve the plastic waste problem, which reduces cost and global warming.