Читать книгу Magnetic Nanoparticles in Human Health and Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 (a) Schematic field dependencies of magnetization of (I) diamagne...Figure 1.2 Fe₃O₄ bulk unit cell (inverse spinel structure).Figure 1.3 (a) Representation of the magnetization vectors () and elementar...Figure 1.4 Magnetic structures of nanoparticles: multidomain nanoparticles w...Figure 1.5 Multidomain magnetic nanoparticles with (a) uniform magnetization...Figure 1.6 (a) Relative saturation magnetization of iron, cobalt, and nickel...Figure 1.7 (a) Specific saturation magnetization as a function of the mean d...Figure 1.8 (a) The crystallographic systems for Ni‐single crystal.(b) Ro...Figure 1.9 The crystallographic systems for Co‐single crystal.Figure 1.10 The crystal approximated by an ellipsoid (general case).Figure 1.11 The orientation of spontaneous magnetization relative to norma...Figure 1.12 (a) Schematic view of the general spin canting geometry (the cor...Figure 1.13 (a) Schematic drawing of a core‐shell structure and (b) transmis...Figure 1.14 (a) Typical hysteresis loop for ferromagnetic materials.(b) ...Figure 1.15 (a) M versus H for (Zn_0.15Ni_0.85Fe₂O₄)_0.15/(SiO₂)_0.85 sample....Figure 1.16 (a) M versus H in low fields and (b) M versus 1/H in high fields...Figure 1.17 Nanoparticle energy as a function of ψ and φ angles fo...Figure 1.18 Illustration of the two components of the magnetic relaxation of...Figure 1.19 Schematic diagram of a single‐core magnetic nanoparticle. Note t...Figure 1.20 SLP for γ‐Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles.Figure 1.21 Different applications of magnetic NPs.Figure 1.22 A representation of the application of core and shell of magneti...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Example of a NMRD profile for a colloidal suspension of SPIONs sh...Figure 2.2 (a) CT lymphography demonstrated a sentinel node (arrow). (b) The...Figure 2.3 (a) CT lymphography demonstrated a sentinel node (arrow). (b) The...Figure 2.4 MPI‐CT imaging of intravenously injected hMSCs, Resovist, and sal...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Interactions between magnetic nanoparticles. (a) Schematic illust...Figure 3.2 Electrostatic stabilization of the nanoparticles by (a) Derjaguin...Figure Scheme 3.1 Schematic illustration of magnetic nanoparticles clusterin...Figure 3.3 Schematic illustration of the nanoclusters prepared by encapsulat...Figure 3.4 Schematic illustration of magnetic nanoclusters armed with PD‐1 a...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Stimulus–responsive membrane triggering in vitro of the proposed ...Figure 4.2 Schematic representation of magnet‐scaffold configurations: (a) e...Figure 4.3 Effect of time‐dependent magnetic field on PCL and PCL/Fe₃O₄ subs...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Number of published papers in the last decade, according to the W...Figure 5.2 Flowchart representing the main stages of production, scaffolding...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Effect of external magnetic field on hydrogen nuclei associated w...Figure 6.2 Vector diagram of the precessing hydrogen nucleus. At any given i...Figure 6.3 Components of a typical clinical MRI machine. The MRI machine con...Figure 6.4 Effect of RF pulse on longitudinal and transverse magnetization. ...Figure 6.5 Longitudinal and transverse relaxation.Figure 6.6 Basic concepts of electrostatic layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly. In ...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Schematic view for the targeting mechanisms.Figure 7.2 Schematic view for MTD delivery.Figure 7.3 MRI imaging diagnostics mechanism.

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Magnetite magnetic moments from double exchange Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ in octa...Figure 8.2 SPIONs as function of particle size features: SPIONs show near ze...Figure 8.3 Uniaxial anisotropy and SMDs orientation by magnetic field. SPION...Figure 8.4 Theranostics: hyperthermia + MRI + drug delivery.Figure 8.5 Hyperthermia induction: SPIONs interactions and energy transforma...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Schematic representation of a SPECT detector (left panel) and a P...Figure 9.2 Surface radiolabeling approaches with metallic radioisotopes and ...Figure 9.3 (a) FeHA NPs imaged on a MRI system (top panel) and on a scintigr...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Formation of NPs by reverse micelle.Figure 10.2 Medical applications of MNPs.Figure 10.3 Magnetic particles use as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool.Figure 10.4 A representation showing how drugs are magnetically transported ...Figure 10.5 AMF generator.Figure 10.6 Mechanism of local MNH. The heat sources – ultrasound, microwave...Figure 10.7 Coercitivity size relations in ferromagnetic and superparamagnet...Figure 10.8 Heating mechanisms in response to an AMF.Figure 10.9 How superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic NPs behave when subjecte...Figure 10.10 Synthesis procedure of nanoparticles synthesis from plants.Figure 10.11 Flow reactor system in hydrothermal synthesis.Figure 10.12 Coating and functionalization in magnetic nanoparticles.Figure 10.13 Synthetic outline for functional iron nanoparticles: from synth...Figure 10.14 MFH process.Figure 10.15 Active vs. passive targeting of tumors.

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Scheme of Néel relaxation for particles below 15 nm and consider...Figure 11.2 Brown relaxation scheme for particles below 15 nm and considered...Figure 11.3 Typical morphologies of magnetic composite nanomaterials. Brown ...Figure 11.4 Bioluminescence imaging of intracellular implanted U87 cells in ...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Schematic diagram showing the Brezovich’s limit. The physiologic...Figure 12.2 (a) Temperature variations, as a function of time, for the magne...Figure 12.3 (a) Variations of SAR, as a function of MNP size, for six differ...Figure 12.4 (a) Typical AFM topography image (16 μm×25 μm) for TMAOH coated ...Figure 12.5 (a) Variation of anisotropy energy barrier (E_aniso), as a functi...Figure 12.6 Typical schematic diagram of the experimental set‐up utilized fo...Figure 12.7 Typical time‐temperature curves for the TMAOH coated Fe₃O₄ MNPs ...Figure 12.8 Bar charts comparing the SAR values of the random and oriented s...Figure 12.9 (a) Simulated dynamic hysteresis loops (at 126 kHz) for the phos...Figure 12.10 Bar chart comparing the SAR values of the agar immobilized magn...

13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Schematic representation of the induction electric field () gen...Figure 13.2 Saturation hysteresis loop (black line) and minor loop (red line...Figure 13.3 The single‐ and multidomains magnetic structures of nanoparticle...Figure 13.4 A schematic showing the coercivity (H_c) behavior of a magnetic p...Figure 13.5 (a) Magnetization curve at room temperature; (b) M versus H in l...Figure 13.6 (a) Néel relaxation is the rotation of magnetic moment inside a ...Figure 13.7 Calculated Néel and Brown relaxation times over a range of parti...Figure 13.8 The general structure of a liposome, illustrating a phospholipid...Figure 13.9 (a) Classical MLPs filled with large magnetic nanoparticles repr...Figure 13.10 Molecular structure of γ‐cyclodextrin.Figure 13.11 Cyclodextrin‐MNP multimodal therapeutic approach.Figure 13.12 (a) Nanoparticle encapsulated in the liposome (MLPs) (Caillaud ...Figure 13.13 Specific loss power for (a) nanoparticles bioconjugated with cy...

14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 2D assembly of nanospheres on a square super‐lattice of paramete...Figure 14.2 Linear susceptibility χ^eq as a function of the (reduced) lo...Figure 14.3 SAR as a function of X (see text) for various values of the long...Figure 14.4 The SAR as a function of the longitudinal DC field for various v...Figure 14.5 Equilibrium susceptibility as a function of the DC field for sam...Figure 14.6 SAR, (a) linear () and (b) nonlinear (), as a function of the ...Figure 14.7 Log‐Log plot of the linear and nonlinear SAR as a function of th...Figure 14.8 (a) Linear and (b) Non linear SAR as a function of the AC field ...Figure 14.9 Thermal behavior of the successive contributions to SAR for a mo...Figure 14.10 Successive contributions to SAR against the AC field intensity,...Figure 14.11 Successive contributions to SAR against the AC field frequency,...

15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Comparison of MC‐simulation, LRT, and SWMBT for size‐dependent S...Figure 15.2 Comparison of MC‐simulation, LRT, and SWMBT for field amplitude‐...Figure 15.3 MC-simulation for field amplitude-dependent SLP for various anis...Figure 15.4 Comparison of MC‐simulation, LRT, and SWMBT for frequency‐depend...Figure 15.A.1 Flow diagram of Monte Carlo simulation implementation. The inp...

16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Physical and chemical factors of magnetic nanoparticles, determi...Figure 16.2 (a) Transmission electron microscopy micrograph of one cell of M...Figure 16.3 Magnetosome particles isolated from Magnetospirillum gryphiswald...Figure 16.4 Overview of in vitro toxicity assays. Cell image adapted from (M...Figure 16.5 Ferrofluids containing IONPs are synthesized and characterized a...

17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Crystalline structure of the magnetite phase.Figure 17.2 (a) Magnetization vs. applied field characteristic of ferromagne...Figure 17.3 Evolution of the magnetite composition with the NPs size.Figure 17.4 (a) Magnetization of different ferrites and its influence on tr...Figure 17.5 Axial spin echo T₂‐weighted MR image (TR/TE: 3000/15 ms, 24 echo...Figure 17.6 Axial spin echo T₂‐weighted MR Image of 3T6 fibroblast samples (...Figure 17.7 Majors events associated with the clinical trials of magnetic hy...Figure 17.8 SAR and hysteresis loop area (A) versus (a) glycerol fraction (%...Figure 17.9 Measured temperature change of increasing concentrations of magn...Figure 17.10 Heating measurement under photothermal irradiation (1064 nm at ...Figure 17.11 In vivo heat therapy. (a) Thermal images obtained with the IR c...Figure 17.12 Temperature increase of CT‐26 tumor‐bearing mice after intraven...

18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 MHT in a patient with a malignant brain tumor. (a) Following the...Figure 18.2 Thermotherapy treatment of the pelvic region after intratumoral ...Figure 18.3 Glioblastoma recurrence. (a,b) Pretreatment brain MRI. (c,d) Pos...Figure 18.4 Application of nanoparticle suspension into the prostate is carr...Figure 18.5 Computerized tomography scans of the prostate performed before (...Figure 18.6 Optimal specific loss power within the allowable biological limi...Figure 18.7 The time variation of the heating temperature of the magnetic na...Figure 18.8 Schematic representation of magnetic hyperthermia therapy in the...Figure 18.9 In vivo hyperthermia treatment of cancer. (a) Schematics of magn...Figure 18.10 (a) Schematic representation of injectable thermo‐sensitive mag...Figure 18.11 The trio of synchronized combined hyperthermia, chemotherapy, a...Figure 18.12 The 5‐FU loaded Fe₃O₄@anti‐HER2 nanoparticles (500 mg ml⁻¹...Figure 18.13 Individual temperature dosages over tumor areas. (a) By using t...Figure 18.14 Synergistic effect between chemotherapy and MHT. Photographs of...Figure 18.15 Nanocube‐mediated heating in suspension. (a) Transmission elect...Figure 18.16 In vivo heat therapy. (a) Thermal images obtained with the IR c...