Читать книгу Nanotechnology in Plant Growth Promotion and Protection - Группа авторов - Страница 52

ZnO NPs are one of the most effective sources to prevent Zn deficiencies and to improve crop production and quality (Naderi and Danesh‐Shahraki 2013; Dimkpa et al. 2015). Understanding the effects of Zn NPs on the plant life process is critical to find a sustainable application method for crop growth enhancement. The positive effects have been attributed to the supplement of Zn as an essential component for mitotic cells and several metabolic enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase, and Cu‐Zn‐SOD (Römheld and Marschner 1991; Hafeez et al. 2013). Also, Zn is actively involved in the biosynthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids in plants (Tarafdar et al. 2014). For example, Raliya et al. (2015) reported that Zn can act as a cofactor for P‐solubilizing enzymes such as phosphatase and phytase, and nano‐ZnO increased their activity in the soil. Bioengineered ZnO NPs made from ZnO and algal extract can interact with meristematic cells thereby altering biochemical pathways that are contributing to the better accumulation of biomass (Venkatachalam et al. 2017).