Читать книгу Physiology of Salt Stress in Plants - Группа авторов - Страница 20

The third agricultural revolution colloquially termed as the Green Revolution was a path‐breaking exercise that occurred between the early 1950s and late 1960s in the twentieth century. Impacts were majorly widespread in developing nations. Beside positive, the revolution also brought specific rampant detrimental impacts on both land and crop health (Pingali 2012). Several newly derived products and technologies such as synthetic fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, and irrigation were introduced to amplify the crop yield. But, both in terms of dependency and severity, chemical fertilizers surpass the influence of introductions. The scarcity of scientific information deceived to excessive usage of the above without evaluating the requirement resulted in reduced soil buffer. Furthermore, to compensate for the disorder, an additional application of fertilizer becomes a mandate. Constituents such as sodium and potash salt present in abundance in those fertilizers influence pH imbalance and turn the soil alkaline (Shrivastava and Kumar 2015). The assimilation of salt makes the soil susceptible to degradation. It is accounted for globally approximately9 M ha of cultivable land transforms nonfertile every year due to enforced salinity. Moreover, salinity can also be induced due to flooding caused by over‐irrigation and inadequate irrigation. Vegetable crops are more prone to vulnerability upon saline exposure resulting in depleted yield (Pingali 2012; Patel 2013; Sharma and Singh 2015; Eliazer‐Nelson et al. 2019).