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Various forms of energy [6]: Energy occurs in different forms of energy [39]. They are mechanical energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, thermal energy, nuclear energy, and radiant energy.

The various sources and output are summarized in Table 1.2 [1].

Generation of renewable energy sources—region-wise data source from renewable energy statistics 2020, comparatively renewable energy generation capacity in 2018 to 2019—is presented in Table 1.3.

There is a continuous development in an alternative energy to fossil fuels and some other energy sources in which renewable source is one of most emerging thing but it is not a new one to the world. In general, across the worldwide nations, there is larger availability of renewable energy which would meet the world’s energy demands as per requirements. However, only 0.02% of solar energy sources can be utilized of total sources like as wind energy, solar energy, bio-mass, and geothermal energy sources [7, 8]. In the past years, there is a rapid increase of solar and wind power systems, which gives a better performance characteristics and more growth rate also. The production and principal costs have been reduced suggestively of those systems. Due to these improvements in the commercial markets, renewable energy has more openings. Solar energy is more extensive technologies based on their effective outcome to the markets in various locations. According to the International Energy Outlook (IEO), total world marketed energy consumption is estimated to rise-up from the year 2020 to 2030 around 12% [7].

Table 1.2 Various sources of energy.

Primary sources	Output energy
Natural Sources (Coal, Oil, Natural gas)	Electrical Energy
Nuclear Fuels—Uranium	Thermal Energy
Solar Radiation	Light Energy

Table 1.3 Renewable energy sources, annual production, and global demand [40].

North America	Europe	Eurasia
Capacity	391 GW	Capacity	573 GW	Capacity	106 GW
Global	15%	Global	23%	Global	4%
Change	+ 22.3 GW	Change	+ 35.3 GW	Change	+ 3.1 GW
Growth	+ 6%	Growth	+ 6.6%	Growth	+ 3%
Central America and Caribbean	Middle East	Asia
Capacity	16 GW	Capacity	23 GW	Capacity	1119 GW
Global	1%	Global	1%	Global	44%
Change	+ 0.6 GW	Change	+ 2.5 GW	Change	+ 95.5 GW
Growth	+ 4.1%	Growth	+ 12.6%	Growth	+ 9.3%
South America	Africa	Oceania
Capacity	221 GW	Capacity	48 GW	Capacity	40 GW
Global	9%	Global	2%	Global	2%
Change	+ 8.4 GW	Change	+ 2 GW	Change	+ 6.2 GW
Growth	+ 4%	Growth	+ 4.3%	Growth	+ 18.4%