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Heat transfer is one of the energy transfers from high body region to a lower body region due to the potential difference of temperature gradient. There are numerous applications involved under this disciplines, which are as follows:

 ✓ Internal combustion engines

 ✓ Refrigerators and air conditioning systems

 ✓ Heating and cooling of fluids

 ✓ Radiators, etc.

The heat transfer is classified into three various modes: heat conduction, convention, and radiation. The same has been depicted in Figure 1.1.