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Oral lesions in patients with HIV infection are mainly related to the state of immunosuppression and the adverse effects of the antiretroviral drugs (Tables 4.2.1 and 4.2.2; Figures 4.2.2 and 4.2.3)

Table 4.2.1 Potential consequences of HIV disease.

Category	Associated conditions
GROUP 1 Lesions closely associated with HIV infection	CandidiasisHairy leucoplakiaKaposi sarcomaNon‐Hodgkin lymphomaPeriodontal diseaseLinear gingival erythemaNecrotising gingivitisNecrotising periodontitis
GROUP 2 Lesions less commonly associated with HIV infection	Bacterial infections: Mycobacterium avium‐intracellulare, M. tuberculosisMelanin hyperpigmentationNecrotising stomatitisSalivary gland enlargementThrombocytopenic purpuraUlcer not otherwise specified (NOS)Viral infections: Herpex simplex, Papillomavirus, Varicela‐zoster virus
GROUP 3 Lesions reported in HIV infection	Bacterial infections: Actinomyces israelii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Cat scratch disease (Bartonella henselae)Viral infections: Cytomegalovirus, Molluscum contagiosumDrug reactionsFungal infections other than candidiasisNeurological disorders