Читать книгу A Practical Approach to Special Care in Dentistry - Группа авторов - Страница 188

 ART (antiretroviral therapy) is the combination of several antiretroviral agents, and should be commenced as soon as possible after diagnosis

 Antiretrovirals seek to reduce the viral load (below 20–50 copies/mL is considered undetectable, depending on the test employed), increase the CD4+ T‐cell count, prevent opportunistic infections and reduce transmission to others

 The most widely used families of antiretrovirals are:Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)Non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)Protease inhibitors (PI)Entry or fusion inhibitorsIntegrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs)

 An initial HIV drug regimen typically includes 3 HIV medications from 2 or more different drug classes:Two NRTIs with an INSTI, NNRTI, or PIRitonavir (PI) or cobicistat as a booster (cytochrome P450 3A inhibitor)

 The regime varies according to the patient's response and associated side‐effects

 ART is associated with adverse effects that are not always predictable and include:Nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, difficulty sleeping, dry mouth, headache, rash, dizziness, fatigue, and painThrombocytopenia caused by ritonavir