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Laparoscopic entry is covered in detail in Chapter 8. However, a brief description as it relates to instrumentation follows here.

Initial trocar placement can be done after insufflation of the peritoneum or preceding it depending on the method chosen. Creating a pneumoperitoneum, or insufflation of the abdomen, allows for separation between the body wall and internal organs and allows for increased internal working space for manipulation of organs by surgical instruments. Cannula placement can be done by one of three methods: Veress needle, direct trocar insertion, or the open Hasson method. Insufflation can be performed using a Veress needle before placement of the primary trocar or via the trocar itself through a gas intake port, typically located on the side of the outer cannula. After the laparoscope has been introduced, secondary trocars can be placed under direct laparoscopic observation to minimize the risk of injury.