Читать книгу Small Animal Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy - Группа авторов - Страница 22

The first reports on laparoscopy in small animals were conducted on dogs in the early 1900s, but this was mainly experimental models prior to application in humans. Like gynecologists, theriogenologists were among the earliest clinical adapters of MIS in research and clinical veterinary medicine, during the 1950s and 1960s. However, in the early 1970s, work with diagnostic laparoscopy was emerging in the small animal field. Surgical application was sparse but David E. Wildt, a non‐DVM Ph D affiliated with the Division of Research Services at National Institute of Health, reported on male and female sterilization by occlusion of the vas deferens and uterine horn, respectively, in the early 1980s. Dr. Wildt, coedited the first textbook in 1980 on animal laparoscopy together with Richard Harrison, PhD, at Tulane University [7].

In 1977, the DVM Drs. Gerald F. Johnson and David C. Twedt (Figure 3), both at the time affiliated with the Animal Medical Center in New York, presented the first review of small animal laparoscopy for clinical use [8]. At that time, laparoscopy was exclusively a diagnostic tool (Figure 4), and nitrous oxide was the pneumoperitoneum gas of choice, especially if performed without general anesthesia. Air and carbon dioxide was also recommended, and the authors mention their preferred use of a Corkmaster (Figure 5), a carbon dioxide dispenser intended for opening wine bottles, adapted for generation of pneumoperitoneum [8].

Figure 3 From left to right, Drs. Todd Tams, Steve Hill, and David Twedt are enjoying video laparoscopy in 1995.

Source: Courtesy of Dr. David C. Twedt.

Figure 4 A proctoscope is used as a low‐cost laparoscope for visualization of a liver biopsy in the 1970s.

Source: Courtesy of Dr. David C. Twedt.

Figure 5 A Corkmaster, a carbon dioxide dispenser intended for opening wine bottles, adapted for generation of capnoperitoneum used by Drs. Twedt and Johnson in the 1970s. (Courtesy of Dr. David C. Twedt.)