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A number of simulation models have been presented and can currently be divided into three main categories: physical task trainers; virtual reality (VR); and hybrid, or augmented reality (AR), models combining VR with synthetic tissue models.

Another terminology for simulation is to denote how life‐like or “real” the model is perceived. Low fidelity tasks are often simple task trainers utilizing low cost materials. Cadaver training has been denoted to vary from medium fidelity to high [5], depending on species, surgery type practiced, and cadaver condition. Live animal models, if utilizing the patient species, is an example of a high fidelity model. Recently, higher fidelity synthetic models are being developed for small animal use [16], but they currently have limited availability. However, some models developed for use in human surgery may be of value also for veterinary training.