Читать книгу North American Agroforestry - Группа авторов - Страница 44

In the United States and Canada, agroforestry is defined as: intensive land‐use management that optimizes the benefits (physical, biological, ecological, economic, social) from biophysical interactions created when trees and/or shrubs are deliberately combined with crops and/or livestock.

This definition is slightly modified from Garrett et al. (1994) to improve compatibility with traditional agriculture. The main difference is the removal of the word “systems” from the definition. In tropical agroforestry and throughout much of the temperate zone, the use of systems terminology has become the established norm (Nair, 1989; Sinclair, 1999; Newman and Gordon, 2018). However, many authors use the words “practice” and “system” interchangeably (Table 2–1) as in this volume. Agroforestry classification in the United States and Canada has evolved from agricultural traditions wherein an agricultural production system is an aggregation of various practices. Under this form of classification, agroforestry is most often recognized as a set of practices which are incorporated, along with other appropriate practices, into agricultural systems likes pieces of a puzzle fitting together at a variety of spatial scales (i.e., field, farm, watershed, landscape).