Читать книгу North American Agroforestry - Группа авторов - Страница 48
Windbreaks
ОглавлениеTrees or shrubs are planted as barriers to reduce wind speed. Windbreak practices include shelterbelts, timberbelts and hedgerows. Windbreaks are planted and managed as part of a crop or livestock operation. Field windbreaks are used to protect a variety of wind‐sensitive row, forage, tree, and vine crops, to control wind erosion, and to provide other benefits such as improved bee pollination of crops and wildlife habitat. Livestock windbreaks help reduce animal stress and mortality, feed and water consumption, and odor. Timberbelts are managed windbreaks designed to increase the value of the forestry component.
Table 2–2. Six categories of agroforestry practices in the US and Canada.
| Practice | Predominant Region (s) | Use(s) | Associated Technologies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Riparian and upland buffers | All Regions | Ameliorate nonpoint source pollution, abate soil erosion and nutrient loading, protect watershedsModify microenvironments and protect aquatic habitats | Streambank bioengineeringConstructed wetlandsGreen infrastructure |
| Windbreaks | Great Plains, All Regions | Protect and enhance production of crops and animals, control soil erosion, distribute snowfall.Trap snow. | Living snow fences |
| Alley cropping | Midwest, All Regions | Increases and diversifies farm crops and income | Plantation management |
| Silvopasture | West, Southeast, All Regions | Economic diversification, improve animal health, create wildlife habitat, fire protection, timber management | Pine straw harvest |
| Urban Food Forests | All Regions | Diverse urban food production, soil health and diversity, human health, nutrition and well‐being, environmental and social justice benefits, education, community | Permaculture |
| Forest farming | All Regions | Income diversification | Forest management |
