Читать книгу Gas Insulated Substations - Группа авторов - Страница 2

1  Cover

2  Title Page

3  Copyright Page

4  Editor Biography

5  Contributors

6  Foreword of Editor

7  Foreword PES Substations Committee

8  Foreword GE Grid Solutions

9  Foreword Hitachi Energy

10  Foreword Siemens Energy

11  Acknowledgements

12  1 Introduction 1.1 General 1.2 Definitions 1.3 Standards and References 1.4 Ratings

13  2 Basic Information 2.1 History 2.2 Physics of Gas‐Insulated Switchgear 2.3 Reliability and Availability 2.4 Design 2.5 Safety 2.6 Grounding and Bonding 2.7 Factors for Choosing Gas‐Insulated Substations 2.8 Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF₆) 2.9 Alternative Gasses to SF₆ 2.10 When to Use Gas‐Insulated Substations 2.11 Comparison High Voltage and Medium Voltage AIS, MTS and GIS

14  3 Technology 3.1 General 3.2 Modular Components, Design, and Development Process 3.3 Manufacturing 3.4 Specification Development 3.5 Instrument Transformers 3.6 Interfaces 3.7 Gas‐Insulated Surge Arresters 3.8 Gas‐Insulated Bus 3.9 Guidelines for GIS References

15  4 Control and Monitoring 4.1 General 4.2 GIS Monitoring 4.3 Local Control Cabinet 4.4 Digital Communication References

16  5 Testing 5.1 General 5.2 Type Tests 5.3 Routine Tests 5.4 Onsite Field Testing 5.5 Guidelines for Onsite Tests 5.6 Best Practice for On‐Site Field Testing References

17  6 Installation 6.1 General 6.2 Installation 6.3 Energization: Connecting to the Power Grid References

18  7 Operation and Maintenance 7.1 General 7.2 Operation of a Gas‐Insulated Substation 7.3 Maintenance 7.4 SF₆ Gas Leakage Repair 7.5 Repair 7.6 Extensions 7.7 GIS Retrofit or Upgrade 7.8 Overloading and Thermal Limits 7.9 Maintenance and Operations Pointers 7.10 Lessons Learned References

19  8 Applications 8.1 General 8.2 Typical GIS Layouts 8.3 Reference Projects 8.4 GIS Case Studies 8.5 Mobile Substations 8.6 Mixed Technology Switchgear (MTS) 8.7 Future Developments 8.8 Underground Substations 8.9 Special Substation Buildings References

20  9 Advanced Technologies 9.1 General 9.2 Environment 9.3 Life Cycle Cost Analysis 9.4 Insulation Coordination Study 9.5 Very Fast Transients 9.6 Project Scope Development 9.7 Risk‐Based Asset Management of Gas‐Insulated Substations and Equipment 9.8 Health and Safety Impact 9.9 Electromagnetic Field 9.10 SF₆ Decomposition Byproducts 9.11 Condition Assessment References Section 9.11 9.12 Gas‐Insulated Substations for Enhanced Resiliency References Section 9.12 9.13 Vacuum High Voltage Switching References Setion 9.13 9.14 Low Power Instrument Transformer References Section 9.14 9.15 Digital Twin of GIS and GIL References Section 9.15 9.16 Offshore GIS References Section 9.16 9.17 HVDC GIS References Section 9.17 9.18 Digital Substation References Section 9.18 References Sections 9.1 to 9.10

21  10 Conclusion

22  Index

23  End User License Agreement