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The most popular ones are wearable devices which are also called as lifestyle devices which include activity trackers like bands, wristwatches, chest strap, and shoes. These devices are worn by patients as well as healthy people who are fitness conscious. Such devices have sensors that regularly monitor, record, and collect data based on the health parameters based on physical activities.

Consumer smart wearables generate data which can help provide feedback to the individual regarding his/her health and thereby modify their lifestyle accordingly. But these devices are plagued with issues of reliability, safety, and security of this data [9]. A 2017 study by Apple and Standford University in 400,000 users of Apple watch series 1, 2, and 3 and its mobile app used data generated by the pulse sensors to identify hearth rhythm abnormality called atrial fibrillation. Atrial fibrillation is an irregularity of the heart beat with the pulse generated described as irregularly irregular. This can initially be intermittent with intervening normal heart rhythm or become chronic with continuous AF. The results of this study showed that 0.5% of the subjects received a notification of an irregular pulse. These subjects were sent a telemetry ECG patch to directly detect and monitor the electrical activity of the heart. Results showed that that the Apple watch diagnosed an episode of AF correctly 84% of the time and one-third were diagnosed with AF by the ECG patch. In addition, 57% of those who received an AF notification by the mobile app consulted a doctor. The Apple Heart Study shows that consumer wearable technology can help in detecting serious medical conditions like atrial fibrillation [10]. Consumer smart wearables can sense and continuously record some vital bodily functions and therefore provide feedback regarding health and help in modifying behaviour and lifestyle [11]. But more than half of the technology used in consumer smart wearables has not been certified or validated independently. Only 1 in 10 technologies has been validated with clinical research. Therefore, quality of data smart consumer wearables is debatable and interpretation of such data is questionable [12]. In contrast, clinical- or medical-grade wearables are approved or certified by health regulatory authorities like the FDA and are used with the advice of healthcare professionals or on prescription of a doctor. Accuracy of these devices can enable diagnosis and management of diseases.