Читать книгу Congo Basin Hydrology, Climate, and Biogeochemistry - Группа авторов - Страница 46

The rainfall regime over the Congo Basin is shaped by a number of factors on both global and local scales. Over‐riding factors are orographic effects, which appear to produce a local and shallow Walker‐type circulation over the Congo Basin, the Walker cells over the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, tropical sea‐surface temperatures, and a mid‐level easterly jet stream that is present only during the SON rainy season.

Most of the rainfall, as much as 60–70%, is associated with intense MCSs. These systems include a layer of ice and a large anvil cloud, and produce both stratiform and convective rainfall. The stratiform component is strongest at night. The systems over the Congo appear to be the strongest in the world and are associated with the world’s highest frequency of lightning.