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Table of Contents

Оглавление

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication Page

List of Contributors

Preface

About the Companion Website

1 General Biology and Evolution Taxonomy General Biology and Genetics South American Camelids Camels Evolution Domestication Uses of Camelids References

2 South American Camelid Behavior and the CAMELIDynamics Approach to Handling Camelid Behavior Containment Vs. Restraint The Midline Catch, bracelet and Handler Helper The Neck Wrap – A Thunder Shirt for Camelids Trimming Toenails Handling for Veterinary Procedures No‐Restraint Injections Techniques for No Restraint Injections Injections for Babies and Weanlings Drawing Blood Rectal Palpation and Transrectal Ultrasound Transabdominal Ultrasound Exams Physical Exams Procedures Involving the Head Oral Medication Eye Medication Trimming Fighting Teeth and Incisors Microchipping Earring Sedation Halter Fit Understanding Male Behavior in Camelids Pen Size and Shape Berserk Male Syndrome or Novice Handler Syndrome? The Novice Handler Syndrome Further Readings References

10  3 Feeding and Nutrition Anatomy and Nutritional Adaptations Camelid Digestive Process Nutrient Requirements of Camelids Feeding Behavior and Intake Capacity Forages and Feed Supplements Feeding Management Dietary Evaluation Nutrition Related Diseases References

11  4 Physical Exam and Diagnostics Physical Exam Diagnostic Procedures References

12  5 Radiology Introduction Making Radiographs Degenerative Joint Disease Septic Arthritis Sequestra Shoulder Making Skull Radiographs Tooth‐Root Abscesses Bulla Disease Rickets Normal Images References

13  6 Anesthesia and Pain Management Pre‐operative Assessment Sedation Field Anesthetic Techniques Inhalant Anesthetic Techniques Monitoring and Supportive Therapy during Anesthesia Recovery Anesthetic Complications Analgesia Local Anesthesia References

14  7 Parasitology External Parasites Myiasis Internal Parasites Nematodes of Other Body Systems References

15  8 Multisystem Disorders Neoplasia Stress Hyperthermia Hypothermia Fluid Therapy in Llamas and Alpacas Failure of Predicted Growth and Weight Loss References

16  9 Integumentary System Normal Camelid Skin Hair (Fiber, Wool) Skin Glands Diagnosis of Dermatologic Conditions Diseases of the Integument Fungal Infections Bacterial Infections Nutritional Skin Diseases Miscellaneous Dermatoses Neoplastic and non‐neoplastic tumors The Foot Foot Diseases of Camelids Mammary Gland The Ear References

17  10 Musculoskeletal System Specific Conditions Disorders of Joints Bone Sequestra References

18  11 Respiratory System Overview of the Camelid Respiratory System Nasolacrimal Duct Physiology SAC Adaptations to Altitude Diagnostic Procedures Infectious Diseases Parasitic Diseases Congenital Disorders Miscellaneous Diseases [75–77] References

19  12 Digestive System and Abdomen Anatomy and Physiology Gastrointestinal Tract Clinical Signs Associated with Digestive Disorders Diseases of the Digestive System Diseases of the Pharynx and Esophagus Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Surgery References

20  13 Endocrine System Endocrine Organs Endocrine Disorders References

21  14 Hematology, Clinical Biochemistry, and Fluid Analysis CBC Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets and Coagulation Hematopoietic Neoplasia Bone Marrow Flow Cytometry and Immunohistochemistry Immunodeficiency Disorder in Juvenile Llamas Biochemistry Peritoneal and Pleural Fluid Analysis Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis References

22  15 Cardiovascular System Anatomy and Physiology Special Diagnostic Procedures Diseases References

23  16 Reproduction and the Reproductive System Reproductive Strategies Normal Reproduction Physiology Pregnancy Parturition Involution of the Uterus [79] Camel Reproduction Postpartum Complications Obstetric Procedures [85] Pregnancy Termination Infertility [91] Treatment of Infertility and Metritis Infertility Conditions of Female Camels Assisted Reproductive Techniques [17, 25, 117, 118] Selection of Breeding Camelids Reproductive Surgery Acknowledgments References

24  17 Urinary System Anatomy Characteristics of Camelid Urine Diagnostic Procedures Urination Behavior Diseases References

25  18 Ophthalmology Anatomy of the Eye Ophthalmic Diagnostic Procedures Diseases of the Eye References

26  19 Nervous System Diagnosis Common Neurologic Diseases Less Common Neurologic Diseases Non‐specific Therapy Plan for Neurologic Disease References

27  20 Neonatology Prepartum Care Characteristics of the Camelid Neonate Immediate Care of the Newborn Care Given to the Dam Prematurity Immunoglobulins Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT) of Immunoglobulins Caring for the Orphaned Camelid Weaning Neonatal Diseases and Conditions Congenital Defects (Partial List) Immunoprophylaxis Routine Husbandry Practices Acknowledgments References

28  21 Congenital/Hereditary Conditions Terminology Teratogenesis Hereditary Traits Congenital Conditions New Congenital Defects of SACs Camelid Hybrids References

29  22 Toxicology Adaptation to Toxicants Diagnosis of Poisoning Prevention of Poisoning Treatment of Poisoning Antidotes Specific Toxins References

30  23 Old World Camelids Behavior and Handling Sedation Routine Veterinary Care Reproduction Diseases of Camels Surgery of Camels References

31  Index

32  End User License Agreement

Medicine and Surgery of Camelids

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