Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 158

Progressive impairment of visual acuity is typical of advancing age and is frequently associated with non‐neurological causes (e.g. cataract, glaucoma). Presbyopia, a decline in unaided near vision, is highly prevalent in older people and manifests as blurred vision at normal reading distances and eyestrain or headaches after reading or doing close‐up activities. With ageing, pupil size and reactivity tend to decline, and changes in saccadic movements (e.g. increased latency, decreased frequency, amplitude, peak velocity, and mean velocity) are commonly observed.⁴⁴ Tracking eye movements (or pursuits) appear less smooth with possible saccadic intrusions. The angles of vertical gaze (especially upward) are frequently symmetrically reduced in older people.⁴⁵ Convergence is also often impaired.⁴⁵