Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 176

‘Usual ageing’ is associated with significant losses of bone and muscle (lean mass) and increases in adipose tissue, along with central and visceral shifts in the regional distribution of adipose tissue stores. The extent to which these changes occur in an individual depends on a combination of genetic‐, lifestyle‐, and disease‐related factors that are all interrelated.⁶⁹ All of these body composition changes may negatively affect metabolic, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal function,⁶ even in the absence of overt disease, and therefore it is important to anticipate them and optimise lifestyle choices and other treatments that can counteract the negative effects of ageing and/or disease on body composition. As detailed in the sections that follow and outlined in Table 7.5, one of the most potent pathways from physical activity to health status involves modulating these age‐related shifts in body composition by habitual exercise patterns.