Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 188

Appropriate progressive resistance training programmes of 3–6 months' duration can be shown to increase muscle strength by an average of 40–150%, depending on the subject's characteristics and intensity of the programme and to increase total body lean mass by 1–3 kg or muscle fibre area by 10–30%.⁸⁴ Thus, even if some of the neural control of muscle and the absolute number of motor units remaining is not affected by exercise, the adaptation to muscle loading, even in very old age,⁸⁵ causes neural, metabolic, and structural changes in muscle, which can compensate for the strength losses and, in some cases, the atrophy of ageing. Generally, strength gains after exercise far exceed, and are not directly correlated with, muscle size changes due to the importance of neural adaptation in this process.

A properly designed resistance training programme can counteract the age‐related changes in contractile function, atrophy, and morphology of ageing human skeletal muscle.⁸⁶ Besides being safe for healthy older adults,⁸⁷ a properly designed resistance exercise is relatively free of potential unwanted side effects caused by common medications prescribed in patients with multiple comorbidities.^22,87 Both research and clinical experience indicate that resistance training is safe for healthy older adults,⁸⁸ frail (physiologically vulnerable) older adults,^89,90 and individuals with disease.²²