Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 388

Sarcopenia was operationally defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by height in metres of more than two standard deviations below the young normal mean. Using this definition, Baumgartner et al. found that 14, 20, 27, and 53% of men age less than 70, 70−74, 75−80, and over 80, respectively, met this definition. In women, 25, 33, 36, and 43% in the same age groups had sarcopenia.²⁰ Weight loss may indicate an underlying decrease in muscle mass, but sarcopenia may occur without a global change in weight.²¹ Weight loss and regain cycles are common in older people and result in global weight loss as compared to weight stability.²² Men with a weight loss‐regain cycle showed lower lean mass compared with their stable counterparts, whereas women with a weight loss‐regain cycle showed lower fat mass compared with women in the stable group.²² At a BMI cut‐off of ~27 kg/m², 14% of men less than 70 years old and 29% of men over 80 were sarcopenic and obese, and 5% of women less than 70 years old and 8% of women over 80 were sarcopenic and obese. The last consensus paper proposed for sarcopenia management is based on screening for lower muscle performance and not weight loss.²³ Indeed, measuring muscle mass in routine practice is difficult; low‐calf circumference was proposed as a surrogate for global low muscle mass estimation. Finally, in subjects followed for cancer treatment, an abdominal computed tomography L3 slice allows the estimation of muscle index.²⁴