Читать книгу Veterinary Surgical Oncology - Группа авторов - Страница 138

Higher histologic grades and mitotic counts are factors associated with increased metastatic potential in STS (Dennis et al. 2011). In the case of metastasis, STS usually spread hematogenously, preferably to the lungs (Dernell et al. 1998; Ehrhart 2005; Ettinger 2003; Liptak and Forest 2013). Regional lymph node metastasis is unusual, except for synovial cell sarcoma and histiocytic sarcoma. Reported overall rate of metastasis in dogs is dependent on tumor grade; up to 13% for grades I and II STS compared to 41–44% for grade III STS. (Baker‐Gabb et al. 2003; Ettinger et al. 2006; Kuntz et al. 1997; Simon et al. 2007). Rate of pulmonary metastasis at initial presentation is 6% for grades I and II and 38% for grade III. The likelihood of having metastasis at initial presentation is higher when the STS has been present for over three months (Villedieu et al. 2021). Reported overall metastatic rate in cats is 14–20% (Davidson et al. 1997; Dillon et al. 2005). Interestingly, metastases can be slow growing and may not affect survival (Dennis et al. 2011).