Читать книгу Veterinary Surgical Oncology - Группа авторов - Страница 74

A surgical approach to address malignant obstructions in the trachea, esophagus, colon, and urethra is generally not necessary when pursuing IO treatment options. Furthermore, ureteral stents can be placed cystoscopically, and biliary stents can be placed with endoscopic guidance. For the placement of most tracheal, esophageal, colonic, and urethral stents, the patient is positioned in lateral recumbency on the fluoroscopy table. The fluoroscopy monitor and necessary equipment should be within reach of the interventional radiologist. Standard sets should include an appropriately sized stent, sterile saline, sterile bowls, guidewire, and marker catheter. For esophageal, colonic, and urethral stents, a straight or slightly angled‐tip catheter and iodinated contrast material should be easily accessible. An access sheath is recommended for the placement of urethral stents and should be placed in the distal urethra (Weisse et al. 2006).