Читать книгу Veterinary Surgical Oncology - Группа авторов - Страница 76

Ureteral and bladder neoplasia can extend over the ureteral papilla and can prevent urine flow from the kidney to the bladder. External compression from other abdominal neoplasia (prostatic, bladder, cervical, uterine, ovarian, colorectal) can also result in compression of the ureter (Kulkarni and Bellamy 2001; Auge and Preminger 2002; Liatsikos et al. 2009). Ureteral stent placement to relieve obstruction has resulted in excellent outcomes in human patients (Kulkarni and Bellamy 2001; Auge and Preminger 2002; Liatsikos et al. 2009). Follow‐up times of 35 months have been reported in human patients, and ureteral patency was maintained during that time (Kulkarni and Bellamy 2001).

Ureteral neoplasia in dogs and cats is exceedingly rare. Reports of ureteral neoplasia in dogs are limited to case reports and have included spindle cell sarcoma, transitional cell carcinoma, giant cell sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma (Berzon 1979; Hanika and Rebar 1980; Guilherme et al. 2007, Rigas et al. 2012). Benign masses diagnosed in the canine ureter include fibropapilloma and fibroepithelial polyps (Hattel et al. 1986; Reichle et al. 2003; Farrell et al. 2006). Ureteral stenting has been reported as a treatment option in the management of ureteral obstruction secondary to neoplasia (Berent et al. 2011). In that study, 12 dogs (15 ureters) underwent ureteral stent placement via a percutaneous technique utilizing ultrasound‐ and fluoroscopic‐guidance. Stent placement was successful in all patients, although one patient required placement via laparotomy when percutaneous access was not obtained. An improvement in hydronephrosis and hydroureter was noted in all dogs that had follow‐up evaluations. All dogs were discharged after stent placement.