Читать книгу Machine Learning Paradigm for Internet of Things Applications - Группа авторов - Страница 38

India’s growth mechanism has been affected, in part, by the transnationalization of capital within the global economy, which has enabled the deployment of capital and labor within India by both foreign financing institutions (e.g., the World Bank) and private multinational companies (e.g., Union Carbide). In order to sustain capital-intensive modes of industrial and agricultural production, the Indian economy depends on foreign technology and finance [23]. As a result, the Indian state has accrued a huge foreign debt with both the US and the USSR and has encouraged a phase of growth that has a significant effect on the relationship within its borders between the state and the different indigenous cultures.

The state is not an individual fact, of course. It is composed of organizations tied, in turn, to the international economy. Therefore, amid some external financial and technical dependency, the dominant classes of India’s state capitalist system, namely, the bureaucratic elite and the governing alliance of the national bourgeoisie (large private enterprise), the army, wealthy peasant farmers, small traders, and money lenders, are steering indigenous production in India.

Western models of production, growth, and transformation, which in part view rural development as an issue of sectoral development based on an industrial urban economy, have profoundly shaped the ideological paradigm of development embraced by the state. India has been subject to a modernization phase that has already evolved in the West due to its reliance on international technologies and finance and its acceptance of western growth models.

An unjust cultural exchange that emphasizes Western traditions and devalues indigenous forms of knowledge has preceded the unequal economic exchange that occurs between industrialized capitalist states and developing nations. In the emphasis put on modernity within the development phase in India, this Western bias is evident [24]; it equates modern scientific rationality and technology with an effective process of development and devalues non-modern societies and their conventional information structures.