Читать книгу Management of Complications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery - Группа авторов - Страница 50

In many other regards, the anesthetic complications that may occur in children are similar to those that occur in adults. The rate of aspiration (between 1 and 4 per 10 000 cases) is similar in adults and children as is the rate of PONV, though children may experience more emesis with certain medications such as ketamine. Children may experience a paradoxical reaction and become stimulated or excited when given certain sedative‐hypnotic drugs. In addition, children may be more prone to agitation, delirium, or hallucinations upon emerging from anesthesia. Research studies have estimated the incidence of post‐procedure agitation, nightmares, and/or behavioral problems in children given ketamine to be between 4% and 17% [24]. Ketamine is also associated with higher rates of PONV (6–12%) [24]. The combination of midazolam and ketamine appears to reduce the incidence of emesis but not the incidence of postoperative agitation [24]. Allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, are rare but have been associated with midazolam, ketamine, methohexital, and morphine. Of these, the majority are related to methohexital. Allergy to propofol has been reported; however, most severe cases also included treatment with other anesthetic drugs. The association of propofol allergy with egg, soy, and peanut allergy has been disproven [26].