Читать книгу Geophysical Monitoring for Geologic Carbon Storage - Группа авторов - Страница 53

Geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide is one method to permanently store CO₂ industrial emissions and reduce the atmospheric concentration of this greenhouse gas. While some sequestered CO₂ is expected to react with the surface of the reservoir and mineralize, much of the injected CO₂ will remain as a fluid with the reservoir and monitoring, verification, and accounting for this CO₂ is required. In this chapter, we described several available methods for monitoring CO₂ emissions from a sequestration site from the surface. However, monitoring from the surface is complicated by natural CO₂ emissions at the surface, and the diurnal cycle.

A wide variety of commercial and laboratory monitoring instruments have been developed and field tested. Passive and active absorption spectroscopy can measure the absolute concentration of atmospheric CO₂, and seepage from the sequestration site is derived from changes from the background diurnal concentrations. Absorption spectroscopy also has the advantage of point source in situ analysis as well as wide area remote analysis of the area above the sequestration site.

MVA methods that are capable of measuring the carbon stable isotope ratio have the advantage of distinguishing the anthropogenic CO₂ from the sequestration site and the natural CO₂ emissions. CRS and FMS are sensitive methods of accurately measuring the ¹³CO₂ and ¹²CO₂ ratio. While CRS is limited to in situ analysis on a collected sample, FMS has been done as both in situ and remote, open source, configurations.