Читать книгу Genotyping by Sequencing for Crop Improvement - Группа авторов - Страница 16

These are the first molecular markers used by Grodzicker et al. (1975) in adenovirus and Botstein et al. (1980) in human genome mapping. These were first used in plants by Helentjaris et al. (1986). In this type of marker, polymorphism is detected by cutting DNA into fragments by the use of restriction enzymes followed by hybridization of radioactively labeled DNA probes which are single or low copy DNA fragments and visualized by autoradiography. DNA probes could be genomic clones, cDNA clones, or even cloned genes. The RFLP markers show co‐dominance and are highly reliable in linkage analysis and breeding (Semagn et al. 2006). However, this technique requires a large quantity of DNA, labor‐intensive, relatively expensive, and hazardous. RFLP shows polymorphism in two different species if they differ due to point mutations, insertion/deletion, inversion, translocation, and duplication.