Читать книгу The Wiley Handbook of Sustainability in Higher Education Learning and Teaching - Группа авторов - Страница 58

Virtues and the virtuous person are not self‐generated, but are developed in relationship with the agent's communities (see Sanderse 2012). More specifically, virtues are relational because they are created by the community, from a specific cultural value and set of frames of reference virtues are learned and displayed in the community, through the interactions with our environments; and virtues are intended for the community, insomuch as personal flourishing is regarded as a collective task. Aristotle considered that a flourishing life is understood only as a shared life in the polis and can be realized only in a well‐governed community (NE 1094b). Thus, a good life would be part of the general discipline of politics (Kristjánsson 2013, 2016).

As noted, ill‐defined socioecological problems require collective work to map, identify, and reconcile values and goals behind action (Blok et al. 2016). Virtues, as the expression of collective flourishing, can provide a general compass for that collective work. The relational nature of virtues would emphasize agents' commitment to and responsibility toward the flourishing of the community rather than their rights in the community (Dobson 2003). Therefore, virtues would provide an effective moral and political grounding to ES and its focus on cultivating citizenship for sustainability.