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Joint inversion of gravity and muography data takes advantage of different sensitivities for the reconstruction of the three‐dimensional density distribution of volcanoes. It has been successfully applied in volcanological studies, such as the shape of the solidified lava dome, the extension of fracture zone and its hydrothermal activity, the identification and location of volcanic deposits. However, some technical difficulties are recognized, i.e., optimization of a priori parameters; density bias between muography and gravity methods; and detrending of gravity signals. Overcoming these problems would lead to improve the resolution and reliability of three‐dimensional imaging and provide a better understanding of volcanic plumbing systems.

Figure 3.6 2D density map of Showa‐Shinzan lava dome derived from muography data after noise reduction (a) and without noise reduction (b). The density biases estimated from the difference between the two maps are plotted in the vertical axis in (c).