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The primary objective of this nomenclature is to provide a unifying system of assigning an unambiguous designation to each drug transporter gene and its protein, inclusive of the specific subclass to which it belongs. This book adopts the HUGO‐approved designations, which are used widely by the drug transporter communities. In general, the genes are named using the root symbol, e.g., SLC, followed by a numeral (e.g., SLC22, solute carrier family 22), followed by a letter that defines the subfamily (only A is used when the family has not been subdivided), and finally a number designating the individual transporter gene (e.g., SLC22A6). Transporters are assigned to a specific family if the encoded protein has at least 20% amino acid sequence identity to other members of that family. There is also naming difference between human and nonhuman species: For human gene, e.g., SLCO (all italicized, all capitalized), and for human protein, e.g., OATP (not italicized, all capitalized); For nonhuman gene, e.g., Slco (all italicized, only the initial letter is capitalized), and for nonhuman protein, e.g., Oatp (not italicized, only the initial letter is capitalized).