Читать книгу Magnetic Resonance Microscopy - Группа авторов - Страница 6

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 A micro Helmholtz coil manufactured...Figure 1.2 MR microimaging of a 154-nl deionized...Figure 1.3 The Lenz lens (LL) collects the...Figure 1.4 A comparison of the LL performance...Figure 1.5 A Helmholtz micro coil with a wire...Figure 1.6 Sensitivity enhancement of the micro...Figure 1.7 Top: Magnetic resonance (MR) compatible...Figure 1.8 Porosity and connectivity analysis...Figure 1.9 Magnetic resonance (MR) and...Figure 1.10 Microstructural reorganization...Figure 1.11 Photograph of a microfluidic...Figure 1.12 Membrane-contacting devices for...Figure 1.13 Photograph of a fully integrated...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 TE_01δ mode of a...Figure 2.2 Resonant mode field...Figure 2.3 Electromagnetic field distribution of the...Figure 2.4 Quantification of the TE...Figure 2.5 Schematics of the sample, typically contained in a water tube.Figure 2.6 Example of tuning...Figure 2.7 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain displayed...Figure 2.8 Relative error between the numerical...Figure 2.9 Comparison of the SNR predictions...Figure 2.10 Example of excitation source: an electric...Figure 2.11 Influence on (left) the reflection coefficient...Figure 2.12 Experimental setup...Figure 2.13 Temperature dependence of the ceramic...Figure 2.14 Measured transmit field pattern...Figure 2.15 Experimental comparison of the...Figure 2.16 Coupling model of the first TE modes...Figure 2.17 MR images of plant petioles...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Superconducting MRI systems recently...Figure 3.2 A potential portable brain magnetic...Figure 3.3 Single-sided brain magnetic resonance...Figure 3.4 A low-cost, lightweight...Figure 3.5 MR devices designed to support...Figure 3.6 Tradeoffs in superconducting solenoid...Figure 3.7 Halbach arrays of permanent magnets...Figure 3.8 Response of a low-field magnetic resonance...Figure 3.9 Retrospective EMI correction of...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 First functional images reported...Figure 4.2 Prediction accuracy for five models...Figure 4.3 Functional contrast-to-noise ratio...Figure 4.4 Noise amplification due to parallel...Figure 4.5 Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at...Figure 4.6 Initial images obtained from the human...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Transformation of nuclear magnetic resonance excitation...Figure 5.2 Comparison of different AM and FM...Figure 5.3 Schematic of original SWIFT sequence. Typical...Figure 5.4 The x, y, and z gradient...Figure 5.5 Plot showing acoustic noise measurements during...Figure 5.6 Two methods for reducing bullseye artifacts...Figure 5.7 The sinograms and images before (left...Figure 5.8 Maximum intensity projections of SWIFT images...Figure 5.9 Selected slices of ex vivo SWIFT...Figure 5.10 SWIFT images (top) and schematic of...Figure 5.11 Images of different spin pools and...Figure 5.12 Gradients used for the 4D spectroscopic...Figure 5.13 The slices of 4D spectroscopic images...Figure 5.14 Schematic presentation of sequences (left) and...Figure 5.15 3D cine magnetic resonance imaging of...Figure 5.16 Schematics depicting pulse sequences (on left...Figure 5.17 The multi-band SWIFT (MB-SWIFT...Figure 5.18 Preoperative assessment of mandibular invasion with...Figure 5.19 Functional response of the rat brain...Figure 5.20 Tibia bone images with brass implant...Figure 5.21 The schematic explains a super-resolution...Figure 5.22 Graphical presentation of coil connection and...Figure 5.23 Images of a human total knee...Figure 5.24 The first in vivo human head...Figure 5.25 Calculated radiofrequency (RF) amplitudes needed for...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Main hyperpolarization methods. For details on...Figure 6.2 Axial ¹H echo...Figure 6.3 ¹²⁹Xe magnetic resonance...Figure 6.4 (a) Principle of the (hyper)CEST...Figure 6.5 3D-printed nuclear magnetic resonance inserts...Figure 6.6 Amount of final magnetization as a...Figure 6.7 Laser-polarized ¹²⁹Xe...Figure 6.8 (a) Principle of the device delivering...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Stray-field sensors. Sweet-spot sensors...Figure 7.2 The impact of sample misalignment with...Figure 7.3 Tire analysis with the NMR-MOUSE...Figure 7.4 Profiling violin backs [21,31]. (a...Figure 7.5 Study of sandstone heat damage in...Figure 7.6 Wall paintings in the Sala del...Figure 7.7 Frescoes and their depth profiles. (a...Figure 7.8 NMR depth profiling of biofilms in...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) Schematic of the experimental setup...Figure 8.2 The evolution of the map of...Figure 8.3 The evolution of the velocity in...Figure 8.4 The map of the out-of...Figure 8.5 The evolution of the map of...Figure 8.6 The map of the out-of...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 (a) Scheme of a basic membrane...Figure 9.2 (a) Illustration of concentration polarization. (b...Figure 9.3 Flow through a hollow fiber membrane...Figure 9.4 Chemical shift images of the oil...Figure 9.5 Two-dimensional oil-selective cross-sectional...Figure 9.6 (a) Length averaged permeate flux J...Figure 9.7 Two-dimensional cross-sectional T...Figure 9.8 (a) Growth in the thickest part...Figure 9.9 (a) Local cumulative permeate flux as...Figure 9.10 Particle deposition on structured and round...Figure 9.11 Dead-end filtration (a) with Ca...Figure 9.12 MRI images at different filtration steps...Figure 9.13 T₁- and T...Figure 9.14 MRI of pure water dead-end...Figure 9.15 Top: images showing the deposition of...Figure 9.16 (a.i) to (c.i) Magnetic...Figure 9.17 (a) Two-dimensional velocity maps above...Figure 9.18 Cross-sectional view of the polymeric...Figure 9.19 Flow-magnetic resonance imaging of the...Figure 9.20 Lumen volume flow evolution measured by...Figure 9.21 Velocity-weighted spin-density images measured...Figure 9.22 Magnetic resonance imaging scans of central...Figure 9.23 Cross-sectional view of the z...Figure 9.24 Temporal evolution of cake layer formation...Figure 9.25 The grid structure serves as a...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Echo attenuation and propagator data as...Figure 10.2 Propagators at ∆ = 300 ms as...Figure 10.3 Magnetic resonance O...Figure 10.4 Magnetic resonance image of a biofilm...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Schematic drawing of long-distance transport...Figure 11.2 Localized flow measurements of water and...Figure 11.3 ¹H Rheo-MRI...Figure 11.4 ¹H MRI velocimetry...Figure 11.5 ¹H Rheo-MRI...

12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Frequency distortion and resulting signal reduction...Figure 12.2 Simulation of image contrast of a...Figure 12.3 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detection of...Figure 12.4 In vivo detected cells can be...Figure 12.5 Simulation of image contrast of a...

13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Opening the blood–brain barrier...Figure 13.2 Morphometric studies assess group differences, and...Figure 13.3 The small animal multivariate brain analysis...Figure 13.4 In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI...Figure 13.5 (A) Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging...Figure 13.6 APOE4HN models of late onset Alzheimer...Figure 13.7 Voxel-based analysis (VBA) evaluation. Control...Figure 13.8 Voxel-based analysis (VBA) is sensitive...Figure 13.9 A pulse sequence for diffusion-weighted...Figure 13.10 (A) Fractional anisotropy (FA) reductions in...Figure 13.11 Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) validation with...Figure 13.12 Fractional anisotropy (FA) analyses suggest vulnerable...Figure 13.13 Mice show loss of connectivity with...Figure 13.14 Subgraph identification based on the Wasserstein...Figure 13.15 Simulations based on subsampling a 120...Figure 13.16 Simulations based on a fully sampled...Figure 13.17 To identify vulnerable networks we co...Figure 13.18 The six largest bundles of the...Figure 13.19 The three apolipoprotein E (APOE) alleles...Figure 13.20 Predictive modeling approach in a reduced...Figure 13.21 Using volume (A), manganese-enhanced magnetic...

14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Water flow in the soil–...Figure 14.2 Neutron radiography of water uptake in...Figure 14.3 Determination of root water uptake rates...Figure 14.4 MRI of a Stachys sylvatica stem...Figure 14.5 Cross-sectional image of root bundles...Figure 14.6 Flow patterns in a homogeneous sand...Figure 14.7 Results for the heterogeneous flow phantom...Figure 14.8 Three-dimensional flow field for the...Figure 14.9 Modified 13-interval stimulated echo acquisition...Figure 14.10 Test of the performance of the...Figure 14.11 Root anatomy of Vicia faba. (a...Figure 14.12 Flow measurements in the root system...Figure 14.13 Sketch of possible flow vector compositions...

15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Cross-sectional light microscope view (left...Figure 15.2 Macroscopic structure of a tree in...Figure 15.3 Plot of ¹H...Figure 15.4 Semilog plot of ¹...Figure 15.5 Schematic diagram of wood log moisture...Figure 15.6 Total moisture content (MC) (triangle), lumen...Figure 15.7 Local image intensity versus moisture content...Figure 15.8 Moisture content measurement spatially resolved in...Figure 15.9 2D slices from 3D maps of...

16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Schematics of lithium-ion battery (LiB...Figure 16.2 Lithium-ion battery devices. (a) Cylindrical...Figure 16.3 General experimental setup of an in...Figure 16.4 In situ ⁷Li...Figure 16.5 Electrochemical cells for in situ magnetic...Figure 16.6 Chemical shift 1D imaging sequence. A...Figure 16.7 Chemical shift imaging of the metallic...Figure 16.8 Left: plot showing the time (capacity...Figure 16.9 (a) Schematic of a symmetrical Li...Figure 16.10 Image selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS...Figure 16.11 Schematic principle of 1D-ISIS (one...Figure 16.12 ⁷Li scanning image...Figure 16.13 2D X-band electron paramagnetic resonance...

17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) time series...Figure 17.2 In situ ¹H...Figure 17.3 Left: plots of the calculated field...Figure 17.4 Sample placement and holder in the...Figure 17.5 (a) Series of magnetic field maps...Figure 17.6 Magnetic field maps for the defective...Figure 17.7 Left, top: ¹H...Figure 17.8 Left (a–c): Slices through...Figure 17.9 Magnetic field maps and histograms during...Figure 17.10 Longitudinal xz-slices through 3D DCF...Figure 17.11 Relative measurements of the oscillating fields...Figure 17.12 Experimental susceptometry setup. (a) Side view...Figure 17.13 Magnetic field and corresponding...Figure 17.14 Schematic of a pouch cell battery...Figure 17.15 ⁷Li nuclear magnetic...

18 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Three-dimensional ⁷Li...Figure 18.2 3D ¹H Fast...Figure 18.3 One-dimensional ²³Na...Figure 18.4 Exterior (a) and cutaway of the...Figure 18.5 3D ¹H magnetic...Figure 18.6 ²³Na nuclear magnetic...Figure 18.7 2D ²³Na magnetic...Figure 18.8 2D ²³Na magnetic...Figure 18.9 ²³Na nuclear magnetic...Figure 18.10 ²³Na nuclear magnetic...Figure 18.11 2D ²³Na magnetic...Figure 18.12 Images of the surface of the...Figure 18.13 ²³Na nuclear magnetic...Figure 18.14 ²³Na nuclear magnetic...